Efficacy and Safety of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review

Isabela Coutinho Faria; Kleuber Arias Meireles Martins; Mariana Menezes Corcinio; Pedro Soares de Oliveira; Gabriella Faria Nogueira; Ana Julia da Silva Oliveira Bittarães; Mariane Otoni Braga

Autores

Isabela Coutinho Faria Centro Universitário de Belo Horizonte – Departamento de Medicina – Belo Horizonte (MG) – Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5946-9418
Kleuber Arias Meireles Martins Centro Universitário de Belo Horizonte – Departamento de Medicina – Belo Horizonte (MG) – Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5393-1584
Mariana Menezes Corcinio Universidade Tiradentes – Departamento de Medicina – Aracaju (SE) – Brasil. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0225-0470
Pedro Soares de Oliveira Centro Universitário de Belo Horizonte – Departamento de Medicina – Belo Horizonte (MG) – Brasil. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8827-6169
Gabriella Faria Nogueira Centro Universitário de Belo Horizonte – Departamento de Medicina – Belo Horizonte (MG) – Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9546-8890
Ana Julia da Silva Oliveira Bittarães Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais – Departamento de Medicina – Belo Horizonte (MG) – Brasil. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7333-1317
Mariane Otoni Braga Centro Universitário de Belo Horizonte – Departamento de Medicina – Belo Horizonte (MG) – Brasil. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3987-7838

Palavras-chave:

Neurologia, Transplante de Microbiota Fecal, Doença de Parkinson, Cognição, Medicina Baseada em Evidências

Resumo

Contexto: O transplante de microbiota fecal (TMF) é um procedimento que envolve a transferência de material fecal de um doador saudável para um paciente, com o objetivo de restaurar o equilíbrio intestinal. A disbiose intestinal na doença de Parkinson (DP) agrava os sintomas motores e gastrointestinais. Estudos sugerem que o TMF pode aliviar esses sintomas, melhorando a saúde intestinal e reduzindo a neuroinflamação. Métodos: Esta revisão seguiu as diretrizes PRISMA e Cochrane. Uma busca bibliográfica foi realizada nas bases de dados Cochrane Library, PubMed e Scopus. Os artigos foram selecionados para inclusão usando a plataforma Rayyan®, com base em critérios de elegibilidade predefinidos, com quaisquer conflitos resolvidos por consenso. Resultados: De 760 registros, quatro estudos preencheram os critérios de inclusão. O TMF demonstrou desfechos variáveis, com melhora dos sintomas variando de 45% a 70% para distúrbios gastrointestinais e função motora. Os eventos adversos foram mínimos, envolvendo principalmente desconforto gastrointestinal leve. O TMF foi eficaz na restauração do equilíbrio da microbiota intestinal e na redução da neuroinflamação. No entanto, a heterogeneidade nas populações de pacientes, nos protocolos de TMF e nos desenhos de estudo complicaram a padronização dos desfechos. Conclusão: O TMF oferece uma abordagem terapêutica promissora para a DP, particularmente na melhora dos sintomas gastrointestinais e motores. A variabilidade nas populações de pacientes, nos protocolos de TMF e nos desenhos de estudo destacam a necessidade de metodologias padronizadas e de ensaios clínicos mais abrangentes. Otimizar a administração do TMF e explorar seu papel como tratamento adjuvante às terapias convencionais podem melhorar os desfechos dos pacientes e fornecer uma estratégia inovadora para o manejo da DP.

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