Seguridad del embarazo posterior al trasplante de órganos sólidos: una revisión de alcance
Palabras clave:
Trasplante de Órganos, Revisión de Alcance, Salud Materno-Infantil, InmunosupresoresResumen
Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de alcance para identificar el seguimiento clínico del embarazo en mujeres sometidas a trasplantes de hígado, riñón, corazón y pulmón, con el fin de evaluar la seguridad de la gestación en este contexto. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión de alcance realizada mediante búsquedas en las bases de datos MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS y SciELO, que incluyó estudios publicados entre 2014 y 2024. Resultados: Se incluyeron 45 estudios, seleccionados a partir de 1.206 registros. Se observó un predominio de publicaciones en los últimos cinco años (46%) y una mayor frecuencia de estudios sobre trasplante renal (77,7%). Los temas abordados incluyeron desenlaces maternos (hipertensión, preeclampsia y diabetes gestacional), desenlaces neonatales (prematuridad, bajo peso al nacer, abortos y malformaciones congénitas), perfil clínico y demográfico de las receptoras, regímenes de inmunosupresión, función del injerto, vía de parto, así como aspectos relacionados con la lactancia materna, planificación familiar, percepciones maternas, orientaciones para el equipo asistencial y gestaciones en hombres trasplantados. Conclusión: Los resultados demostraron que el embarazo posterior al trasplante es viable y seguro. De acuerdo con los estudios incluidos, los principales factores determinantes para la seguridad materno-fetal incluyen un intervalo adecuado entre el trasplante y la concepción, la planificación familiar, la función estable del injerto y el manejo adecuado de la terapia inmunosupresora. Esta revisión contribuye a orientar conductas clínicas basadas en la evidencia en el contexto del embarazo postrasplante.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Luciane Piva Klein, Diego Gnatta
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
