Factores asociados a alfabetización sanitaria limitada de pacientes sometidos a trasplante renal
Palabras clave:
Falla renal cronica. Trasplante de riñón. Literatura saludable. Educación para la salud.Resumen
La alfabetización en salud (AS) limitada se asocia con mayores dificultades en el automanejo en salud y resultados desfavorables en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica sometidos a trasplante renal (TxR). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los factores asociados con SL limitada en pacientes sometidos a KTx. Estudio transversal, analítico, realizado con 129 pacientes de un hospital de referencia en KTx en Goiânia-GO, Brasil. Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado que contenía variables sociodemográficas, laborales, de estilo de vida, clínicas y de laboratorio. El nivel de SL se evaluó mediante el Test Breve de Alfabetización Funcional en Salud en Adultos (B-THOFLA). Se realizaron análisis bivariados (Chi-cuadrado o Exacto de Fisher) y multivariados (regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta), con una significancia estadística del 5%. La prevalencia de SL limitada fue del 34,1%. En el análisis bivariado se observaron mayores prevalencias de SL limitada en: educación básica (RP=1,85; IC95%=1,13-3,06), menor ingreso familiar mensual PR=2,00; IC95%=1,17-3,43), no tener acceso a internet en casa (RP=1,83; IC95%=1,07-3,10) y no trabajar (RP=2,29; IC95%= 1,12-4,68). En el modelo multivariado final, permanecieron asociados a AS limitados: tener estudios primarios (RP: 1,72; IC 95%: 1,04-2,83) y no trabajar (RP: 2,14; IC 95%: 1,05 -4,35). Tener la escuela primaria completa y no trabajar fortaleció la prevalencia de SL limitada en un 72% y más del doble, respectivamente. Conclusión: La prevalencia de SL limitada en la población estudiada se asocia a una mayor vulnerabilidad socioeconómica.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Marcos Paulo Marinho Montelo, Jules Ramon Brito Teixeira, Karine Anusca Martins, Edna Regina Silva Pereira
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
