Gender Differences in COVID-19 Among Liver Transplant Recipients: Results  from a Multicenter Brazilian Cohort

Elaine Cristina Ataide; Eduardo Riccetto; Tercio Genzini; Regina Gomes Santos; Lucio F Pacheco Moreira; Laura Cristina Machado Pinto; Raquel S B Stucchi; Simone Reges Perales; Leticia Zanaga; Renato Ferreira da Silva; Rita C M Ferreira da Silva; Luciana Haddad; Luiz A C D´'Albuquerque; Marcio Dias de Almeida; Andre Watanabe; Gustavo S Peixoto; Claudio Moura Lacerda de Melo; Renata Ferreira; Nertan Luiz Tefilli; Marcia Halpern; Maira Silva Godoy; Marcelo Nogara; Jorge Marcelo Padilla Mancero; Huda Maria Noujaim; José Huygens Parente Garcia; Erika Bevilaqua Rangel; Ilka de Fátima Santana Ferreira Boin

Authors

Elaine Cristina Ataide Universidade Estadual de Campinas – Hospital de Clínicas – Campinas – São Paulo – Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2672-7326
Eduardo Riccetto Universidade Estadual de Campinas – Hospital de Clínicas – Campinas – São Paulo – Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1137-8709
Tercio Genzini Universidade de São Paulo – Faculdade de Medicina – Hospital das Clínicas – São Paulo São Paulo – Brazil | Fundação Hospital Estadual do Acre – Rio Branco – Acre – Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3589-3983
Regina Gomes Santos Hospital Leforte – São Paulo – São Paulo – Brazil. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1845-9456
Lucio F Pacheco Moreira Instituto D ́Or de Ensino e Pesquisa – Rio de Janeiro – Rio de Janeiro – Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8812-3707
Laura Cristina Machado Pinto Instituto D ́Or de Ensino e Pesquisa – Rio de Janeiro – Rio de Janeiro – Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7627-2190
Raquel S B Stucchi Universidade Estadual de Campinas – Hospital de Clínicas – Campinas – São Paulo – Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9536-6299
Simone Reges Perales Universidade Estadual de Campinas – Hospital de Clínicas – Campinas – São Paulo – Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2263-9254
Leticia Zanaga Universidade Estadual de Campinas – Hospital de Clínicas – Campinas – São Paulo – Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9806-3899
Renato Ferreira da Silva Faculdade de Medicina São Jose do Rio Preto – São Jose do Rio Preto – São Paulo – Brazil.
Rita C M Ferreira da Silva Faculdade de Medicina São Jose do Rio Preto – São Jose do Rio Preto – São Paulo – Brazil.
Luciana Haddad Hospital Israelita Alberto Einstein – São Paulo – São Paulo – Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0202-9037
Luiz A C D´'Albuquerque Faculdade de Medicina São Jose do Rio Preto – São Jose do Rio Preto – São Paulo – Brazil.
Marcio Dias de Almeida Hospital Israelita Alberto Einstein – São Paulo – São Paulo – Brazil.
Andre Watanabe Instituto de Cardiologia do Distrito Federal – Brasília – Distrito Federal – Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0696-2505
Gustavo S Peixoto Hospital Meridional – Serra Espírito – Santo – Brazil.
Claudio Moura Lacerda de Melo Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira – Recife – Pernambuco – Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2115-7838
Renata Ferreira Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira – Recife – Pernambuco – Brazil.
Nertan Luiz Tefilli Hospital São Vicente – Curitiba – Paraná – Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2822-7579
Marcia Halpern Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho – Rio de Janeiro – Rio de Janeiro – Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3000-3881
Maira Silva Godoy Hospital Santa Isabel – Blumenau – Santa Catarina – Brazil.
Marcelo Nogara Hospital Santa Isabel – Blumenau – Santa Catarina – Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8715-4154
Jorge Marcelo Padilla Mancero Hospital Beneficência Portuguêsa – São Paulo – São Paulo – Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3272-1895
Huda Maria Noujaim Hospital Beneficência Portuguêsa – São Paulo – São Paulo – Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9568-2782
José Huygens Parente Garcia Universidade Federal do Ceará - Hospital Universitário Walter Cantidio – Fortaleza – Ceará – Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-137X
Erika Bevilaqua Rangel Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Hospital São Paulo – São Paulo – São Paulo – Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0982-2484
Ilka de Fátima Santana Ferreira Boin Universidade Estadual de Campinas – Hospital de Clínicas – Campinas – São Paulo – Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1165-2149

Keywords:

Liver Tansplantation, COVID-19, Gender-Specific Needs

Abstract

Introduction: Existing literature presents varying perspectives on the impact of COVID-19 on liver transplant recipients.However, no research has specifically investigated the role of gender differences in the manifestation of COVID-19 among liver transplant recipients. This study aims to examine the effects of COVID-19 on liver transplant recipients, with a focus on gender differences in disease presentation and progression. Methods: Conducted as a multicenter historical cohort study, this research collected patient records through an online questionnaire. Assessing COVID-related mortality was the main objective. Additionally, demographic, clinical, and laboratory data pertaining to disease presentation and progression werecollected. Results: The study included a total of 283 patients, of whom 76 were female and 206 were male. The median follow-up period for males was 99 days (IQR 38-283), while for females, it was 126 days (IQR 44-291). A higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease was observed in males (p=0.002). Females frequently experienced a loss of smell (p=0.021), whereas males commonly exhibited fever (p=0.031). Levels of ALT and gamma-glutamyl transferase were significantly elevated in males (p=0.008 and 0.004, respectively). Although there was a trend towards increased mortality in males, it did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: This study is the first attempt to investigate gender differences in COVID-19 among liver transplant recipients. Our findings highlight the need for a comprehensive and personalised approach to treating this patient population and underscore the importance of further elucidating the disease presentation in these individuals.

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References

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Gender Differences in COVID-19 Among Liver Transplant Recipients: Results from a Multicenter Brazilian Cohort

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