Preventive intervention of nursing in cancer cases after kidney transplantation: A literature review.

Abstract

Introduction: Due to the increased survival of transplant patients and the increased exposure to immunosuppressants, neoplasms become one of three leading causes of death after transplant in the last decade, and it becoming increasingly important in every organ transplant program its prevention and care. Purposes: To conduct a literature review on the development of cancer in renal transplanted patients and to identify preventive nursing interventions for the development of malignancies in renal transplanted patients. Methods: Bibliographical research with data collection of printed publications and electronic sources, on the BIREME and PubMed database. Initial search resulted in 2724 abstracts, and after verification of the proposed inclusion and exclusion criteria, 79 articles were selected for a deepen reading. The final sampling consisted of 40 articles and six printed sources, which were assessed and analyzed. Conclusion: Through this study important issues related to development in renal transplant patients, several types of cancer, especially unusual cancers in the general population, as skin tumors of squamous cell type, Kaposi’s sarcoma, lymphoproliferative disorders, cervical cancer and colorectal and most common malignancies such as breast and prostate were observed. It was concluded that the monitoring of those patients searching for early signs of cancer should be part of the nursing and multidisciplinary staff routine. Nurses should prioritize actions aimed to the prevention, early health promotion and detection of complications in kidney transplanted recipients, providing teaching and learning opportunities along the pre and post-transplant, which can contribute to reducing the risk of developing neoplasia in such clientele.