Lesões Malignas Secundárias Orais Pós-Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoiéticas: Uma Revisão: una revisión

Thiago Magalhães de Aguiar

Autores

Thiago Magalhães de Aguiar Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – Faculdade de Odontologia – Departamento de Clínica, Patologia e Cirurgia – Belo Horizonte (MG) – Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2333-8613

Palavras-chave:

Transplante de Células Tronco Hematopoéticas, Neoplasias Bucais, Carcinoma de Células Escamosas, Doença Enxerto-Contra-Hospedeiro

Resumo

O aumento da sobrevida após o transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas (TCTH) elevou a ocorrência de lesões malignas secundárias orais, frequentemente agressivas, surgindo entre 5 a 10 anos pós-procedimento. Muitos médicos e cirurgiões-dentistas sentem-se despreparados para manejar esses pacientes. Objetivos: Esta revisão visa identificar as lesões malignas secundárias orais mais prevalentes em pacientes pós-TCTH, seu período de aparecimento, mecanismos de desenvolvimento e opções de tratamento. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão narrativa da literatura com busca nas bases PubMed e LILACS (artigos de janeiro de 2012 a junho de 2024), utilizando os descritores “TCTH”, “neoplasias bucais”, “câncer oral” e “carcinoma de células escamosas oral”. Foram incluídos estudos como revisões, metanálises e relatos/séries de casos que abordassem os objetivos. O gerenciamento bibliográfico foi realizado com o software Anara, que utiliza inteligência artificial para referenciamento, armazenamento e citações. Aspectos discutidos: Abordam-se os principais tipos de malignidades secundárias (doença linfoproliferativa póstransplante, tumores sólidos como o carcinoma espinocelular oral) e fatores de risco, com destaque para a doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro (DECH). Conclusões e aplicações: As lesões malignas secundárias orais são uma complicação significativa após o TCTH, sendo a DECH um fator de risco importante. O conhecimento sobre essas lesões, seus mecanismos e tratamentos é crucial para guiar cirurgiões-dentistas e médicos na análise clínica e manejo, destacando a necessidade de vigilância ativa para diagnóstico precoce e melhor prognóstico.

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